Action mechanism
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. The enzyme interacts with the substrate to transform it into the final product. Inhibitors bind to each other to prevent the substrate from entering the active site of the enzyme and/or prevent the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction. There are many types of inhibitors that involve: non-specific, irreversible, reversible – competitive and non-competitive. Reversible inhibitors bind to enzymes with non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen and ionic bonds). Nonspecific control measures involve eventually denaturating part of the protein of the enzyme and thus avoiding all physical or chemical reactions. Specific inhibitors act on a single enzyme. Most poisons act according to specific control enzymes. Competitive inhibitors are all compounds that closely resemble the chemical structure and molecular geometry of the reaction substrate. The inhibitor can interact with the enzyme at the active site, but no reaction occurs. Noncompetitive inhibitors are substances that interact with enzymes but mostly do not interact at the active site. The net purpose of a non-competitive inhibitor is to change the shape of the enzyme, thereby affecting the active site, so that the substrate is no longer able to interact with the enzyme to react. Non-competitive inhibitors are mostly reversible. Irreversible inhibitors form strong covalent bonds with enzymes. Some of these inhibitors can act on or around the active site.
use
Enzymes are widely used commercially in industrial fields, such as dishwashing, food and brewing industries. Proteases are used in “microbial” washing powders to speed up the breakdown of proteins in dirt such as blood and eggs. The commercial use of enzymes involves that they are water soluble, which makes them difficult to recycle, and that some end products inhibit enzyme activity (feedback control).
Drug molecules, many drug molecules are basically enzyme inhibitors, and drug enzyme inhibitors are often characterized by their specificity and effect. The high specificity and effect indicated that the drugs had relatively low adverse reactions and relatively low toxicity. Enzyme inhibitors are found in nature and are planned and produced as a small part of pharmacology and biochemistry 6.
Natural poisons are mostly enzyme inhibitors that have evolved to protect trees or various animals from predators. These natural toxins include many of the most toxic compounds ever discovered.
Post time: Apr-25-2023